Explain control statements those are used in C programming language; Write a program in C programming language to print weekdays using switch statement; What is the difference between 'for' and 'while' loops. Brewing Java: A Tutorial. Copyright 1. 99. 5- 1. Elliotte Rusty Haroldelharo@metalab. Last- modified: 2. Using newlines in sed scripts. Occasionally one wishes to use a new line character in a sed script. Well, this has some subtle issues here. If one wants to search for a new line, one has to use '\n.' Here is an example where. Write a C Program to Count Number of Words in a Sentence By Taking Input From User. 7/11 4 Developing and Using Stored Procedures. This chapter introduces the use of PL/SQL, the imperative language of Oracle Database. This chapter contains the following sections: Overview of Stored Procedures. In computer science, control flow (or alternatively, flow of control) is the order in which individual statements, instructions or function calls of an imperative program are executed or evaluated. The emphasis on explicit. URL: http: //www. This tutorial has grown into a book called The Java Developer's Resource. Prentice Hall. For more details about the JDR. JDR page. June 3, 2. Minor corrections on array dimensions. July 1. 9, 2. 00. Improve naming conventions in examples. Fix a typo and. make some efforts (incomplete) toward well- formedness. January 2, 2. 00. Fix a typo and URLs. February 8, 2. 00. January 6, 2. 00. Some minor changes about = and : =. Fixed a few typos. I've also posted several hundred pages of lecture notes. Introduction to Java Programming course I'm teaching at Polytechnic University. This file is. mostly just a rough draft for some sections of that book. If you don't like this page, you may still. On the one hand it would be easiest to just slap the. I wrote for the book onto the web. However that would make. It is now working again. I've also fixed a lot of. At this point if something's. This is a reference manual for the C programming language as implemented by the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC). Specifically, this manual aims to document: The 1989 ANSI C standard, commonly known as “C89” The 1999. NAME; VERSION; DESCRIPTION; Data: Numbers. Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)? Why isn't my octal data interpreted. 1.3 Conditionals and Loops. In the programs that we have examined to this point, each of the statements is executed once, in the order given. Most programs are more complicated because the sequence of statements and the number. I'm going to be writing a. I either didn't cover. I covered as well as I could have. Planned topics. include. Why Java is different from C++. An Introduction to classes through complex numbers. Working with Strings. Java Data types. Bitwise operators. Calling Native Code. Inf, Na. N and all that: IEEE 7. Images and the Mandelbrot Set. Furthermore the book includes a substantial number of exercises. However it does not include answers. However this tutorial is mostly complete. Divide. By now works and to. String(). gives more aesthetic results when the imaginary part of a number is negative. It isn't all here yet, but I hope to fill this out quickly. I. will update this as time permits. Although a lot. remains to be fleshed out, the basic structure is as. Part 1 is a brief introduction to what Java is, why it's. Part 2 is a tutorial introduction to Java that just covers. Java. This is an introduction to the basic syntax of the language. Or suppose you want people to be able to search your electronic card catalog. However Java has learned. It is considerably cleaner and easier to use than. As a language Java is. Simple. Java has the bare bones functionality needed to implement its rich feature set. Only the most basic. Platform Independent. Java programs are compiled to a byte code format that can be read and run by interpreters. Windows 9. 5, Windows NT, and Solaris 2. Safe. Java code can be executed in an environment that prohibits it from introducing viruses, deleting or modifying files, or otherwise performing data destroying and computer crashing operations. High Performance. Java can be compiled on the fly with a Just- In- Time compiler (JIT). C++ in speed. Multi- Threaded. Java is inherently multi- threaded. These are the three key components of a Java. The JDK. also includes the javac compiler, the java interpreter, the. C into your Java code), the Java debugger and. However most of the documentation for. API and the class library is on Sun's web site. You can ftp the programs from the following sites: Macintosh Installation Instructions. The file you get will be a self- extracting archive called something. JDK- 1. If you use Fetch or Anarchie to. JDK- 1. Double- click it to extract it and the. JDK- 1. It will prompt. Put it wherever is. It may be helpful to make aliases of the Applet Viewer. Java Compiler and the Java Runner and put them on your desktop. The Windows X8. 6 release is a self extracting archive. Execute the file by double- clicking on it in the. File Manager or by selecting Run.. This. will unpack the archive. The full path is unimportant, but for. I am going to assume you installed it from. C: drive. If this is the case the. C: \java. If you're on a shared system at a university or an Internet service. Java is already installed. Ask your. local support staff how to access it. Otherwise follow these. The Unix release is a compressed tar file. You will. need about nine megabytes of disk space to uncompress and untar the. JDK. Double that would be very helpful. You do this with the. JDK- 1. You can untar it in your home directory, or, if you. However root privileges are. Java. Untarring the file creates all. The exact path is. If a sysop already installed it, this is. If you unpacked it somewhere else, just replace. You use one of the following commands. PATH /usr/local/java/bin). PATH=($PATH /usr/local/java/bin); export $PATH. You should also add these lines to the end of your . Now. you're ready to run some applets. Unix Instructions. Start the Applet Viewer by doing the following: Open a command line prompt, and cd to one of the directories in /usr/local/java/demo, for example. Tic. Tac. Toe. Run the appletviewer on the html file. Play Tic- Tac- Toe! Alternately you can drag and drop this file onto the Applet Viewer. The algorithm was deliberately broken so it is possible to win. Netscape has a Java. Demo Page with links to various applets that will mostly. As you probably guessed the program responds by printing. Hello World! Nonetheless there's quite a lot going on in it. Hello. Earth. java instead of Hello. World. java? Blocks are important both syntactically and logically. One block can contain one or more. In this case we have one outer block that defines. Hello. World class. Within the Hello. World block we have a method. This is a common convention in many programming languages. Consider the. following generalization of the Hello. World program: // This is the Hello Rusty program in Java. Hello. Rusty . Therefore when we reach the next line of code, the cursor is still located. I'm making a point.)What we need is a way to change the name at runtime rather. Compile. time is when we type javac Hello. Rusty. java). Here's the code: // This is the Hello program in Java. Hello ? An array stores a series of values. We. can test for a number being less than or equal to and. Testing for equality is a little trickier. Therefore we need a new symbol to test for. In fact this is a very. C programs. Fortunately in Java. Cosmetic bugs are acceptable. The cosmetic bug here was that if we didn't include any. Hello. The problem was that we only used. System. out. print and not. System. out. println. There was never any end of. It was like we typed in what we wanted to. We could fix this by putting a. System. out. println(. It's very easy to miss a possible case. We're not just limited to two cases though. For instance here's a. Hello program that handles up to four names. This is the Hello program in Java. Hello . One of the things that makes this solution so unwieldy is that I've used a different print statement for every single variable. These items can include variables like args. In the next section we'll see how to handle over two billion command line arguments in a much simpler fashion. Exercises. Rework the entire program to use no more than one print method in each block. A truly elegant solution to this problem relies on statements that haven't been introduced yet, notably for. No else if's are needed. In this case we want to write a loop that will print each of the command line arguments in succession, starting with the first one. Next comes the for loop. This is purely a convention. Java language. However anyone who. When. i becomes equal to the number of arguments. It's an invalid assertion. There isn't a number in. In almost all programming languages. Java a single equals sign is the assignment. The notable exceptions are Pascal (and the Pascal. Modula- 2, Modula- 3 and Oberon), Ada, and Eiffel. This is one reason why Pascal is. Computer Science department. Needless to say math professors hate languages like Basic. Exercises. What happens now if we don't give the Hello program any command line arguments? In certain interpretations of certain number systems the statement i = i + 1 does have a valid solution for i. In fact you'll see source code files with many. In fact there are a few statements that can, at least at first glance. These were. designed to quickly calculate several dozen numbers to keep. Precedence follows. Java. contains an almost complete set of arithmetic operators. Like C it is missing. For example you can write very large. E8 meters per second). Plank's constant (6. E- 2. 7 ). using the same number of digits. On the other hand you lose. If not we begin executing the code that follows the loop. The program checks to see if 2 is less than 1. We could of course write i = i +. If you don't believe me consider the. Many centuries ago in India a very smart man is said to have. This game greatly amused the. Now the inventor of the game of chess was quite intelligent. Not being satisfied with merely. He rapidly agreed to the. He called for a bag of wheat to be brought. Let's try to calculate it. Remember. that a chessboard has 6. Count. Wheat . That's a lot of wheat. Exercises. Would a float be big enough to count how many grains of wheat the king owes? Why isn't there a ** or a // operator? Each calculation part of a program is called a method. Thus rather than including that code every time we need to print, we just call the System. You can write and call your own methods too. We'll use two methods in the program, one that checks. This can include three to five. A public method can be called from. A protected method can be used anywhere. Methods that aren't. Next we decide whether the method is or is not static. Static. methods have only one instance per class rather than one instance. This is the value that. If the return. type is void then no value will be returned. Next is the name of the method. Then there are parentheses. The part inside braces is just like the main methods. The compiler does a very good job of. Methods break up a program into logically separate algorithms and. The GNU project, among other things, is trying. Unix operating system and many Unix. One minor problem with this effort. Unix is trademarked so the GNU project can't use. One level deeper it's . The images just fade off into. In computer programming. You probably already see one problem with recursion. Where does it. all end? In fact when you write recursive methods you have to be. Although Java doesn't put.
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